Senior Level Course For College Level Courses - 915 Words

Persuasive Like many other colleges, Austin Community College has reasonable rules, policies, and procedures which students and faculty must abide by. However there is one policy I feel should be completely revised or discarded. ACC requires students who did not score high enough on the Mathematics and English sections of the SAT or TAKS test to either enroll in a remedial course or to take the TSI placement exam and test into a college level course. The issue that concerns me is there are students who have credibility from their high school career which proves they have the ability to learn and do well in college level courses. ACC’s policy requires them to overlook important information that could not only save the student from being undermined but also save them a great amount of time and money. The score on a standardized or placement test should never be used when determining if a student has the intelligence level to enroll in college level courses. From a perspective of someone, who like many others, struggles with the issue of test anxiety, colleges need to have a more in depth look at how well the student performed in a specific area throughout high school as opposed to how they performed during a standardized or placement test. However the issue of not being an exceptional test taker isn’t the only difficulty when it comes to the TSI. I had the opportunity to get feedback from other students who also struggled with the exam. A majority of them emphasized how theShow MoreRelatedFreshmen And Senior Participation At University Level Courses1673 Words   |  7 Pagesfreshmen and senior participation in university level courses. Does the seniority of students in universities effect their overall rate of success in one-hundred level courses? Therefore, are seniors less engaged than freshmen in these classes, and what is effecting their success? Throughout this process, participants were observed and later seen in intervie ws and focus groups to scope out and answer the hypothesis created for this study. Seniors who are taking one-hundred level courses will studyRead MoreHow High School English Courses Prepare Students for College English1187 Words   |  5 PagesScaling Research This scaling study was to determine how well high school English courses prepare high school students for college English writing and writing research assignments for their college courses. It was to determine how well students understood the difference between what are scholarly sources for information and what is not considered to be scholarly sources. According to St Marys University (What is a Scholarly Journal?), a scholarly journal is also called a peer-reviewed, academicRead MoreDual Credit Classes At Carrizo Springs High School896 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the workload and expectations of this college level class. Consequently, many of these students end up dropping the course after the first semester and find themselves in overcrowded â€Å"regular† English classes. If these students had received proper preparation and instruction in writing prior to their senior year and enrollment in ENGL 1301 Composition and Rhetoric, they would have been more successful in dua l credit English, upper division courses, and future careers. Instead of focusingRead MoreThe College Success Course646 Words   |  3 Pagesgo to college but the lack of higher education affects the entire community as a whole. Without a bachelor’s degree, students are less likely to be employed, more likely to live in poverty, and are less active citizens of their community. Students with a low level of education are also more likely of welfare dependency and crime. In order to raise the 12% college educated citizens in Bogalusa, high school juniors and seniors of Bogalusa High School should be required to complete a college successRead MoreHow Many Students Graduate From College In The Standard1491 Words   |  6 Pages How many students graduate from college in the standard four years? The Four-Year Myth Report, executed by Complete College America, states, â€Å"At most public universities, only 19 percent of full-time students earn a bachelor’s degree in four years, the report found. Even at state flagship universities — selective, research-intensive institutions — only 36 percent of full-time students complete their bachelor’s degree on time.† Colleges have been aware of the issue of time and money within theirRead MoreSenior Year, By Sarah Butrymowicz And Scott Elliot897 Words   |  4 Pages The senior year, a year that has many faces. With only one year of school a student can possibly learn so much, but is this statement still true when it is senior year? Senior year is infamous for being the lazy year, and often many students have fallen prey to senioritis or a lack of motivation. As a senior myself, the thought about if senior year is necessary has been on my mind. In their article â€Å"Skip senior year and go straight to college?† From the Hechinger Report, Sarah Butrymowicz andRead MoreCapstone Project : Nursing Simulation Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesbaccalaureate level nursing students at WKU. Proposed Capstone Project The proposed capstone project included the creation and application of a rubric for nursing simulation activities held within the baccalaureate program of nursing’s Senior Practicum course at WKU. The nursing program at WKU utilizes high-fidelity simulation as an educational method providing the opportunity for students to practice nursing skills in a safe, realistic environment. During the fall 2015 semester the Senior PracticumRead MoreEvaluation And Evaluation Of A Rubric For Nursing Simulation Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesbaccalaureate level nursing students at WKU. Proposed Capstone Project The proposed capstone project included the creation and application of a rubric for nursing simulation activities held within the baccalaureate program of nursing’s Senior Practicum course at WKU. The nursing program at WKU utilizes high-fidelity simulation as an educational method providing the opportunity for students to practice nursing skills in a safe, realistic environment. During the fall 2015 semester the Senior PracticumRead MoreThe American High School System Handicaps Its Students1192 Words   |  5 Pagessystem handicaps its students academically. High school lacks the academic tools to properly prepare high school students for the college setting. Students who are accustomed to the high school teaching style will have a hard time adjusting to college educators. High school students most likely will be uncomfortable with a college educators strict rules during a course. Today, school students struggle with basic reading and mathematics. They aren t challenging themselves in reading. High school studentsRead MoreCompare and Contrast High School versus College Essay examples1054 Words   |  5 PagesEvery student typically has a great high school career. Classes are not very difficult; AP courses are an exception. Student workload is minimal, obtaining good grades is not much of a struggle, and exams are typically easy to pass. Course load outside the class is no more then a few hours of homework each week. Teachers and faculty help facilitate a moderately laid back culture to learning. The school system supports students to make sure their performance in classes in adequate to move

Character Relations and Literary Elements in Alice in...

Go on a journey, And roam the streets. Cant see the way out, And so use the stars. She sits for eternity, And then climbs out. These lyrics, taken from Sigur Rà ³s Glà ³sà ³li, depict a sort of awakening or beginning of new life. In the novel Alices Adventures In Wonderland and Through The Looking-Glass And What She Found There by Lewis Carroll, Alice undergoes a kind of awakening or embarkation on a life journey when she enters Wonderland because she learns many things about life there that she would not have in the real world. When Alice meets the Caterpillar, the Queen of Hearts, and the Mock Turtle, she learns a lot about life, etiquette, and peoples personalities outside of her childish rules and learned manners. Alice matures and†¦show more content†¦Life is a vast sea of information and opportunity; a Wonderland of sorts if you will. The Queen turned crimson with fury, and, after glaring at her for a moment like a wild beast, screamed ‘Off with her head! OffÂ⠀"‘ ‘Nonsense! said Alice, very loudly and decidedly, and the Queen was silent (Carroll 61). If one imagines themselves in this situation, Im sure they would not shout, Nonsense! as they are speaking to a Queen. Alices ignorance allows her to intimidate the King, who nervously consoles his wife that Alice is only a child. This allowed the Queen to tolerate Alice more through her stay in Wonderland. Alices mannerisms, had she learned them above-ground, would not have prevailed in this account, for she disrespectfully spoke outward to an authority figure, an act most certainly not tolerated by her real world peers and betters. Significantly, most of her rules consist of ‘donts, obviously laid down by adults and now taken on complete faith by this literal-minded and priggish child (Rackin 64). This proves Alice has not yet reached a stage in her life where she is taught to respect authority, because in every other aspect of the book, Alice remembers what she learns above-gr ound and uses that information to help her in Wonderland. In Wonderland, Alice is intimidated by the characters she meets, as the reader has seen throughout the book. Alice is constantly reminded she is a foreigner in Wonderland, and is constantly alienated for it. It seems almostShow MoreRelatedMimesis in Alice in Wonderland2678 Words   |  11 Pagesmimesis in Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass A quest in search for the elements which consitute a new notion of mimesis in Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass Mimà ©sis ve svÄ›tovà © literatuÃ…â„¢e/Klà ¡ra Kolà ­nskà ¡, Úterà ½ 10:50 – 12:25 â€Å"Who in the world am I?† Ah, that’s the great puzzle.[1] This question, asked by Alice herself at the beginning of Alices Adventures in Wonderland, anticipatesRead More Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass Essay3377 Words   |  14 Pagesit was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic,† according to Tweedledee, a character in Lewis Carroll’s famous children’s work Through the Looking Glass (Complete Works 181). Of course, Lewis Carroll is most well known for that particular book, and maybe even more so for the first Alice book, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The connection between Lewis Carroll and logic is less obvious for most people. In reality, Lewis Carroll is the nom de guerreRead MoreUse of Food in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll2931 Words   |  12 Pagesbe tracked down in paintings, poems and literary works originated in a lmost all parts of the planet. From Homer’s great feasts in The Iliad to Harry Potter’s lonely suppers in a cupboard under the stairs; literature of any genre originated in any period and any cultural tradition can be analysed concerning the aspect of food (Keeling 4). In his essay â€Å"Food and Power†, Nicholson points out, that food in literature always has a symbolic function as â€Å"characters [†¦] do not eat to live, since they aren’tRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 PagesWhen in Doubt, It’s from Shakespeare†¦ a. Writers use what is common in a culture as a kind of shorthand. Shakespeare is pervasive, so he is frequently echoed. b. See plays as a pattern, either in plot or theme or both. Examples: i. Hamlet: heroic character, revenge, indecision, melancholy nature ii. Henry IV—a young man who must grow up to become king, take on his responsibilities iii. Othello—jealousy iv. Merchant of Venice—justice vs. mercy v. King Lear—aging parent, greedy children, a wise foolRead MoreHow I Read Literature Like A Professor Notes3177 Words   |  13 Pages†¢ The real reason for a quest is self-knowledge Chapter 2- Acts of Communion †¢ Whenever characters eat or drink- communion!!! †¢ COMMUNION IS- o Sharing/ peace o May not be holy o Personal and shared o Shows how well characters do or don’t get along o Allows characters to overcome an obstacle †¢ Communion allows readers to empathize with characters †¢ A meal means mortality †¢ Food communion shows what characters have in common/ their bond †¢ We all eat to live, we all die. We all live, we all die ChapterRead MoreLiterary Tendency of Victorian Literature: Special Reference to Lord Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning3101 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary tendency of Victorian literature: special reference to Lord Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning 1.1 An Introduction to Victorian Period: The Victorian era is generally agreed to stretch through the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). It was a tremendously exciting period when many artistic styles, literary schools, as well as, social, political and religious movements flourished. It was a time of prosperity, broad imperial expansion, and great political reform. It was also a time, whichRead MoreModifying the Story Summer Solstice Through the Screenplay Tatarin4949 Words   |  20 Pagesis to come up with a clear justification on the reasons why screenwriters and filmmakers would modify books. It should be understood that the book and the film are two different subject matters. But the film would not exist without the help of the elements from the book. Thus it is safe to assert that the film Tatarin is a by-product of the work of Nick Joaquin, but nonetheless not the actual short story, Summer Solstice. A focus interview shall be conducted in order to prove that the scriptwriter-Read MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesthat aspect is change. Nearly every institution of society was affected by rapid and unforeseeable changes.  As some writers greeted them with fear and others embraced the progress, this essay will guide a reader through an important era in English literary history and introduce with the voices that influenced its shape and development. It was the novel that was the leading form of literature in the 19th century England. The term ‘novel’ itself was a simple narrative form, which in opposition to itsRead MoreShortening of Words and Their Features9064 Words   |  37 Pagesthe essential difference between the shortening of words and the usual process of word-formation (such as affixation, compounding, etc.) should be pointed out. It will be recalled that words built by affixation, for instance, are of a more complex character both structurally and semantically, cf. teach—teacher, develop—s- development, usual-unusual, etc. It is not the case with word-shortening; shortened words are structurally simple words and, as was mentioned above, in most cases have the same lexicalRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pageslanguage system. - Chinese language is purely visual, and not alphabetical. - Chinese is thought to have been invented by Tsang Chieh, who was inspired to invent writing after studying the claw marks of birds. - Chinese characters are logograms meaning that each character represents an entire word (like $ = dollar). - Paper, a Chinese invention, is attributed with the high government official Ts’ai Lun. - Ts’ai Lun’s method of making paper was unchanged until nineteenth century England.

Positive Reinforcement Is More Effective Than Punishment...

When it comes to inspiring behavioral changes positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment in terms of changing the behavior in the long term. How effectively positive reinforcement affects behavioral changes is closely tied to how behavioral changes are incentivized and rewards bestowed. The case is similar for the application of negative reinforcement. However, rewards and punishments must significantly affect a person’s current situation--for better or worse--in order to inspire change. Let’s look at how positive reinforcement typically results in long-term behavioral change more effectively than punishment overall. The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges have recently discussed their methodology of how to respond to compliance and noncompliance with incentives and sanctions that are designed to reinforce or modify the behavior of youth and their families. As one would assume, similar concepts, different approaches. The juvenile drug court takes a lot into perspective when using behavior modification strategies. If there is a desirable and an undesirable behavior in the same period, the JDC places weight on each of the behaviors. Recognizing the youth’s progress and accomplishments with praise, and responding to the infraction. Where the focus lies, whether on the infraction or progress, depends on where the youth is in the program, and the significance of the behavior. JDC says that our intentions don’t matter- it is the perception of theShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment and the Effects of Its Usage757 Words   |  3 PagesCorporal Punishment and the effects of its usage Corporal punishment is the ability to make physical contact as a form of punishment for reprimanding ones behavior. Corporal punishment versus positive reinforcement while they both serve their purpose corporal punishment is known to be more effective. The most common form of disciplining has always been either a spanking, corporal punishment has been dated all the way back to biblical times. Now the corporal punishment that occurred during biblicalRead MoreReinforcement And Punishment On Children1535 Words   |  7 PagesReinforcement and Punishment are used in the classroom as well as many homes for small children. Reinforcement is the technique of inspiring or authorizing a pattern of behavior which may lead to a reward. Many children do what is right because of the positive reinforcements they may receive. In the learning environment, children look forward to reinforcement such as candy, snacks, as well as stickers or other fun activities. If positive reinforcement is used in c hildren’s households, the childrenRead MorePositive Reinforcement1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of positive reinforcement is the most powerful and practical tool ever devised in the history of applied psychology. Positive reinforcement is defined precisely in keeping with how it works. Its definition is actually as straight forward and simple as it is  counterintuitive (Cappa amp; Kahn, 2011). Positive reinforcement in my opinion cant fail to profile and maintain positive behavior and to replace negative or problem behavior. If parents dont harness this simple but powerful techniqueRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1249 Words   |  5 Pageslearning is a voluntary behavior that is learned through positive or negative consequences (Ciccarelli, 2012). Edward Thorndike developed the law of effect theory which was later analyzed and derived in the development of operant conditioning. Law of effect refers to â€Å"the likelihood of the repetition of an action is dependent upon the initial consequence† (Ciccarelli, 2012). Operant learning is where behavior(s) are controlled by a positive or negative consequence. There are three main elements toRead MoreClassical Processing : The Theory Of Classical Conditioning945 Words   |  4 Pagesmaintained by its consequences† (Hockenbury, page 198). There are two types of reinforcement, positive and negative, and they both affect how people will act in the future (Hockenbury, page 198). â€Å"Positive reinforcement involves that leads to a reinforcing or rewarding event† (Hockenbury, page 198). An example would be, a teacher gives her students a homework pass for every A they make on a test. â€Å"In contrast, negative reinforcement involves behavior that leads to the avoidance of or escape from an adverseRead MoreThe Skinner s Theory Of Behaviorism And Controls Behavior Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBurrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner was born on 1904 in Pennsylvania. He was an American ancient psychologist who known for his work on development of behavior and the theory of reinforcements, also known as operant conditioning. Along with being the most influential psychologist he was also a professor of psychology at Harvard University. During his course of study at Harvard, he conducted a study of behavior which led him to develop the prototype of the famous Skinner Box. His encounterRead MoreEssay on Proven Methods Of Child Discipline1465 Words   |  6 Pagesreasoning, positive and negative reinforcement, and observational learning one can effectively discipline their children without risking damage to the child’s social and moral development. Research has shown that using reasoning as a method for discipline more often helps develop a child’s ability to conform to the standards of what is considered right or just behaviour. Discipline derives from the Latin word â€Å"disciplinare† meaning â€Å"to teach†. Thus, reasoning can be used as an effective tool to teachRead MoreMorgan Hamill. Educ 2120. Dalton State College. March 23,1590 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviors are learned, and thus they can be unlearned and replaced by new behaviors. This theory is vitally important in the education world because it helps teachers to better instruct their students with the help of positive and negative punishment and positive and negative reinforcement. Biographical Background of B.F. Skinner B.F. Skinner or Burrhus Fredrick Skinner, was an American psychologist and he was born in 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania and died of leukemia in 1990. He went to HarvardRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior955 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal behavior and delinquency the best would be the Differential Reinforcement Theory, reviewed by Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers after it was criticized by C.R. Jeffery. Burgess and Akers argued against Sutherland’s work by using what he had used already and adding operant conditioning and modeling/condition in order to explain criminal behavior more clearly. They offered seven propositions to summarize the Differential Reinforcement Theory, which was a justification of Sutherland’s none principlesRead MoreReinforcement Theory Vs. Operant Conditioning1513 Words   |  7 PagesThere has been concern if the effects of certain types of reinforcement (such as positive and negative) can effectively change an individual’s behavi or. There is evidence to suggest that certain types of positive and negative reinforcement can motivate an individual far beyond his potential, while punishment, on the other hand, is completely different from negative reinforcement, but it is very often associated with it. Both forms of reinforcement are designed to have a desired behavior learned and repeated

The Final Months Of The Civil War Essay Example For Students

The Final Months Of The Civil War Essay The Final Months of the Civil WarThe Civil War was one of momentous proportion. It was disastrous in terms of human life, because more Americans died in this war that any other war in history. This paper is mainly about and around those involved on the battlefield in the final months of the civil war. It will also refer to the leading men behind the Union and Confederate forces. The war was coming to an end by January of 1865. At that time, Federal, Union, armies were spread throughout the Confederacy and the Confederate Army had greatly shrunk in size. The year before the North had suffered a huge loss of lives, but had more than enough to lose in comparison to the South. General Ulysses S. Grant became known as the ?Butcher? and many wanted him removed. (Grant, Ulysses S., Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant. New York: Charles L. Webster Co., 1894.) The war continued as Lincoln stood firm with his General. This paper will cover the events between the winter of 1864-1865 and the surrender of the Confederate States of America and will show that April 9, 1865 was indeed the end of a great tragedy. General William T. Sherman and his army cleared the civilian population of the city of Atlanta in September of 1864, then took a brief rest. It was from Atlanta that General Sherman and his army began the famous ?march to the sea?. The great march was 400 miles long and 60 miles wide. No news was heard of Sherman for 32 days. His men lived on whatever they could get from the area of the country through which they passed, as Sherman had cut himself off from his base and any supplies. Although, the army destroyed anything and everything that was in their path, they were not seen as the enemy. In view of this destruction, it is understandable that Sherman quoted, ?War is hell!? (Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972.) Shermans men reached the city of Savannah on December 20, and from there Sherman telegraphed to President Lincoln: ?I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton.? (Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1972.)Grants decision that the only way to win and finish the war was to crunch with numbers. He knew that the federal forces held more than a modest advantage in terms of men and supplies. Grant directed Sherman to turn around and head back toward Virginia with this in mind. He immediately began making preparations to provide assistance to Sherman on the journey. General John M. Schofield and his men had just defeated the Confederates in Nashville and were to disengage from the Army of the Cumberland and then proceed toward North Carolina. His final destination was to be Goldsboro which was roughly half the distance between Savannah and Richmond. He was to meet Sherman and his troops of 50,000 there with his troop of 20,000. Sherman began moving north in mid January of 1865. The only hope of Confederate resistance would be supplied by General P. G. T. Beauregard. He was putting together an army with every means possible but was only able to assemble about 30,000 men. This would be no challenge to the combined forces of Schofield and Sherman. Shermans plan was to march through South Carolina while confusing the opponent the entire time. His men would march in two ranks. One would travel northwest to give the impression of a press against Augusta, and the other would march northeast toward Charleston. Shermans force arrived in Columbia on February 16. Great controversary arose as the city was burned to the ground. The Confederates claimed that Shermans men had set the fires ?deliberately, systematically, and atrociously?. Sherman claimed that the fires were already burning when they had arrived. Cotton bales were set on fire by the Confederate Calvary to prevent the Federal Army from getting to them and th e high winds quickly spread the fire. The controversary was short lived as no proof was ever presented. After Columbia, Charleston and Augusta had fallen, Sherman continued his move north toward Goldsboro. His progress was delayed not by the Confederate army but by the runaway slaves. The slaves joined the Union columns. They numbered in the thousands by the time they had reached North Carolina. (Barrett, John G., Shermans March through the Carolinas. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1956.) Shermans force pushed on and finally met up with Schofield in Goldsboro on March 23rd. Immediately leaving Goldsboro, Sherman was to travel to City Point to meet Grant and discuss plans of an attack. Upon arriving, not only did he find Grant, but Admiral David Porter as well. They would all wait to meet with President Lincoln. The three soldiers met with Lincoln on the morning of March 28th on the river boat ?River Queen? to discuss a strategy against General Lee and General J ohnston of the Confederate Army. Lincoln asked several times, ?Cant this last battle be avoided (Angle and Miers. Tragic Years, II.) However, both Generals expected the Rebels, Confederate Soldiers, to put up at least one more fight. All were sure of a surrender, it was to be decided how to handle the Rebels in regard to the upcoming surrender. Lincoln made his intentions very clear: ?I am full of bloodshed. You need to defeat the opposing armies and get the men composing those armies back to their homes to work on their farms and in their shops.? (Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972.) The meeting lasted for a number of hours. Near the end of the meeting Lincoln made his orders clear, ?Let them once surrender and reach their homes, they wont take up arms again. They will at once be guaranteed all their rights as citizens of a common country. I want no one punished, treat them liberally all around. We want those people to return to their allegiance to the Union and submit to the laws.? (Porter, David D., Campaigning with Grant. New York: The Century Co., 1897.) The Generals and Admirals now knew what had to be done. Sherman returned to Goldsboro by steamer and Grant and Porter left by train to go back up north. Shermans course would be to continue north with Schofields men and meet Grant in Richmond. This would not happen as Lee would surrender to Grant before Sherman could ever get there. Online Shopping Vs. Market Shopping EssayThe final battle began when the Confederate battle line was formed to the west of Appomattox at daybreak. The Union soldiers were in position in front of the line with cannons. When the Federal cannons commenced to fire, the Confederate signal for attack was sounded and the troops charged. One soldier later remarked, ? It was my fortune to witness several charges during the war, but never one so magnificently executed as this one.? (McCarthy, Carlton, Detailed Minutiae of Soldier Life in the Army of Northern Virginia 1861-1865. Richmond: Carlton McCarthy, 1882.) This Confederate advance only lasted from about 7:00 am to 9:00 am, at which time the Rebels were forced back. The Confederates could no longer hold their lines and Lee sent word to Grant to meet at 1:00 pm to discuss surrender. The two men met at the now famous McLean House and a surrender was agreed upon. It was 2:00 pm on April 9, 1865. Johnstons army surrendered to General Sherma n on April 26, in North Carolina. General Taylor of Mississippi/Alabama and General Smith of the trans Mississippi/Texas surrrendered in May ending the war completely. The Civil War was a tragic event. A war in which thousands died in their home country over nothing more than a difference in opinion. Although slavery was the cause of the Civil War half of the country thought it was wrong and the other half just couldnt free them. The war was fought in probably 10,000 different places and the monetary and property loss cannot be calculated. The Union soldiers that died numbered 360,222 and only 110,000 of them died in battle. Confederate dead were estimated at 258,000 including 94,000 that actually died on the battlefield. The Civil War was a waste in terms of human lives and possible accomplishment. Tragedy had struck a new country and tarnished it for eternity. The Civil War will never be forgotten and will live on in the hearts and minds of Americans forever. BibliographyCasdorph, Paul D. Lee and Jackson Confederate Chieftains. New York: Paragon House, 1992. Catton, Bruce. A Stillness at Appomattox. New York: Doubleday, 1963. Davis, Burke. Shermans March. New York: Random House, 1980. Foote, Shelby. The Civil War. Vol 3. New York: Random House, 1974. Garraty, John Arthur. The American Nation: A History of the United States to 1877. Vol. 1, Eighth Edition. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, 1995. Korn, Jerry. Pursuit to Appomattox, The Last Battles. Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1987. Leone, Bruno, ed. The Civil War Opposing Viewpoints. American History Series. California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1995. Mathless, Paul, ed. Voices of the Civil War. Vicksburg. Virginia, Time-Life Books, 1997. Miers, Earl Schenck. The Last Campaign. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1972. BibliographyIncluded above. American History Essays

Detailed Report On Cyber Attack In Premera Blue Cross

Question: Discuss about a Report On Cyber Attack In Premera Blue Cross? Answer: Introduction The term Cyber attack refers to as the politically or socially influenced attack, which a person do with the help of Internet. It is also an intentional exploitation of technology-oriented enterprises, computer systems, and networks. The cyber attacker target the national or international organizations and the public, and accordingly they carry out the spreading of the malicious programs, deploys unauthorized web access and fake websites for stealing the personal or organizational information from the targets of attacks. Premera Blue Cross is an important healthcare service provider in the United States which experiences a cyber attack in their organization and due to which they suffer from several unwanted consequences. This report will discuss in short about the background of the company. This report is going to talk about the cyber crime in details. Then it is going to reflect the study of the overall situation that the Premera Blue Cross faced because of Cyber attack in their organization, and a necessary recommendation will be there to overcome such type of exploitation in future. Finally, a conclusion will be there based on the comprehensive report. Background of Premera Blue Cross Premera Blue Cross is headquartered in Mountlake Terrace, Washington, United States. It is an essential healthcare service provider and serving more than 1.9 million people, which includes individuals and families of Fortune 100 employer categories. The primary mission of Premera Blue Cross is giving the best healthcare services to their customers (Gray, Citron Rinehart, 2013). Figure 1: Logo of Premera Blue Cross (Source: Liginlal, 2015, pp 680) Premera Blue Cross is well known as the biggest health plans in the regions of Pacific Northwest, and they are providing tailored and complete healthcare services to their customers staying in Alaska and Washington. The services that Premera Blue Cross are providing comprises of innovative programs relating to the prevention, wellness, patient safety, and disease administration (Clough, 2015). Brief Description of Cyber Attack With the progression of the Internet facilities, the cyber crime is increasing day by day. These cyber crimes include phishing, illegal way of downloading, credit card frauds, scams, cyber terrorism, child pornography, children kidnapping through chat rooms, and distribution of spam and viruses (Halder, Jaishankar Jaishankar, 2012). Cyber attack is a politically or socially enhanced attack that is happening through the Internet. Cyber attack targets the average people or corporate organizations and which occurs due to the spreading of malicious programs, forming fake websites, and various ways of stealing the organizational and personal information through targets of attacks. Cyber crime causes enormous damage to the overall infrastructure of the whole organization (Herr Romanosky, 2015). Cyber attacks can be classified into four different parts, which includes: Targeted Attacks: Targeted attacks are the part of Cyber attacks, which is related to the stealing of information from any particular organization or an individual. It also consists of cyber crime occurring on intellectual assets for the purpose of monetary gain or vandalism (Sahu, Maheshwari Sahu, 2015). Advanced Persistent Threat: It is a type of targeted attack focuses on a particular entity, which is going on persistently and repeatedly with the help of various ways for gaining access to the target. The advanced persistent threat is further divided into the following: Attacks using public websites available in the Internet. Attacks against the users with the help of social engineering of target users by sending some malicious programs. Denial of Service attack: It is the type of cyber attack which focuses on the disruption of the services provided by an individual or organization. Distributed Denial of Service attack: This type of cyber attack is carried out in a distributed environment (Dawson, 2015). Detailed Report on Cyber Attack in Premera Blue Cross On 17th of March, 2015 Premera Blue Cross announced about the cyber attack that happened in their organization. After the initial investigation, the management of Premera Blue Cross came to know that the cyber attackers had implemented a sophisticated attack for gaining the unauthorized access to their Information Technology infrastructure (Luna et al. 2015). The in-depth investigation of Premera Blue Cross revealed that the cyber attackers initially struck on May 5, 2014. The managing director of Premera Blue Cross notified that the FBI is supporting the Bureaus investigation regarding this cyber attack. Premera Blue Cross had also involved Mandiant, which is one of the worlds leading cyber security organizations for performing a comprehensive research on the issues. It also concentrates on the removal of the unwanted malicious programs from the IT systems. Also, with all these steps, Premera Blue Cross also took initiatives and additional actions to cleanse, strengthen, and increase the security of their IT infrastructure (Mutchler Warkentin, 2015). This cyber crime attack damaged the Premera Blue Cross Shield of Alaska, Premera Blue Cross and their connected brands named as Vivacity and Connexion Insurance Solutions. According to the preliminary investigation it was determined that the cyber attackers might have got an unauthorized access to the personal information of members and applicants, and which comprised of members name, addresses, date of birth, email address, telephone numbers, Social Security based numbers, banking details, member identification numbers, claims information, and the clinical based information. This event also affected the members of the other Blue Cross Blue Shield plans those who were opting for getting treatment in Alaska or Washington (Kozminski, 2015). Few individuals had done business with Premera Blue Cross, and they had provided their personal bank account number, email address, and the social security number. Due to this cyber attack incident, they also suffered the same way (Torborg, 2013). After the thorough investigation by those security-providing groups, they were unable to determine whether any data was removed from the systems or not. Premera Blue Cross also had no evidence regarding the inappropriate use of those valuable data. Another group is present known as National Healthcare Information Sharing and Analysis Center, which provides support to share breach information. The ways that the cyber criminals attacked Premera Blue Cross includes the particular type of malware, which was not shared and declassified (Kumar, Odame Yeboah, 2015). Due to the occurrence of this overall critical situation in Premera Blue Cross, they have planned to offer free identity theft protecting services and free credit controlling to all the customers those who were affected due to this unwanted cyber attack. For protecting the personal information of the customers, the Premera Blue Cross also focuses on the implementation of the cyber security firm named as FireEye for removing the infected software from their computing system (Wechsler, 2016). Questions regarding the Cyber-Attack in Premera Blue Cross After the thorough research and investigation about the Cyber-Attack, some issues arose in the minds of the customers and ordinary people who are concern about this cyber attack. What happened at Premera Blue Cross due to this Cyber-Attack? The sophisticated cyber attackers aimed Premera Blue Cross as their target, and they somehow obtained the unauthorized access to their IT infrastructure. The overall investigation was unable to judge whether any data information was removed from their IT systems or not (Williams, 2012). No evidence is there until date regarding the inappropriate usage of data and personal information of the customers. The safety and privacy of their customer's information are the chief concern of Premera Blue Cross, and they are taking preventive measures to overcome this conflict of cybercrime attack (Bocek, 2015). Has the information on the customers been accessed? According to the investigation by FBI and Mandiant, it is evident that the cyber attackers might get the unauthorized access to the personal information of the customers, but they were not sure whether any information was deleted from the IT system or not. Premera Blue Cross understands the situation and mailed letters to all the victims whose information was corrupted because of this cyber attack (McHale Officer, 2015). What information had been accessed by the Cyber Attacker? Depending on the relationship between Premera Blue Cross and the customers, various personal information is available with Premera, which includes name, address, telephone number, date of birth, email ids, social security related number, medical claim data, member identification number and also the banking details. Premera Blue Cross are not involved in storing the credit card information of the members and hence the credit card data does not get affected by this cyber attack (Omidiji, 2015). What is that the customer needs to do for protecting their personal information? Premera does not make unsolicited phone calls or email to their clients in any situation. Therefore, the customers need to be more aware, and they shall not provide their personal information in response to an unsolicited phone call or fake email id. The customers need to review their Explanation of Benefits (EOB) statements after receiving it (Stachel, DeLaHaye, 2015). Was the data encrypted which the cyber attacker accessed? The data of Premera Blue Cross was encrypted but still the cyber attackers got the access to the IT system in an unauthorized manner and obtained all the personal information of the customers (Tschider, 2015). Recommendation to overcome Cyber Attack in future Premera Blue Cross need to follow the proposed recommendations to overcome these types of Cyber attacks in future. The recommendations are as follows: All the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Company need to share and gather only the minimum customer information which is essential to manage the overall process of the healthcare. It will ensure the health professionals with information, tools, and resources for providing the best quality of patient care (Gaughan, 2015). Premera Blue Cross needs to deploy active and context-aware access management mechanism for overcoming the potential damage which occurs due to stealing the network credentials. If any user gets connected to an application or server from an unknown location, then their rights to access those servers need to be removed completely (Cheema, 2015) Premera needs to restrict the access of Personal Health Information to only the authorized users. Not everyone in the organization needs to access the patient records and hence putting some strict controls on the resources and applications of the patients can reduce the cyber attacks in Premera Blue Cross (Liginlal, 2015). Encryption and classification of the personal health information need to be there for bringing security to the information. The data breaches in the organization need to be taken into account for bringing security as the employees fail to work securely, and sometimes they perform some dishonesty activities. Due to this irresponsibility by the employees, the cyber attackers gets the advantage of using the personal information for malicious purposes (Grimm et al. 2015). A context level security such as encryption needs to be there related to applications and networks. High-risk information like personal health information calls is required by the Premera Blue Cross health care organization for bringing a multi-level protection and which in turn create difficult for the hackers to perform the cyber crime (Fenner, G. M. (2013). Log all and track access need to be implemented to the personal health information and in addition to it the chief compliance officer who plays a crucial role in the prevention of cyber attack need to determine and focus on Premera Blue Crosss overall security chain. This particular activity can reduce the vulnerability towards the cyber attack (Kusumanegara, 2015). Conclusion Based on the analysis of the cyber attack issue in Premera Blue Cross it can be concluded that the cyber attack occurs due to political or social influence which a cyber attacker do with the help of Internet facilities. The primary targets of the cyber attacker include the normal public and the national as well as international organizations. The cybercrime is happening due to the responsiveness and dishonesty of the employees working for Premera Blue Cross. This cyber crime attack results in a significant loss to the organization as well as their customers. This report concluded that FBI and a leading cyber security group named Premera Blue Cross performed the thorough investigation to find the actual truth about this attack. They concentrated on the removal of malicious programs from the IT systems of the organization. Due to this cyber attack in Premera Blue Cross, the management of this healthcare organization decided to provide free of cost identity theft protection services and free credit controlling to all the affected customers. Finally, the report brought some recommendations, which will be beneficial for Premera Blue Cross to overcome these conflict situations of cyber attacks. References Bocek, K. (2015). Is HTTPS enough to protect governments?.Network Security,2015(9), 5-8. Cheema, S. P. K. (2015). 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